General Preparation

• Review the Supervisor Instructions before the session.
• Access the Pathology Quick Reference via the QR code.
• Confirm all equipment is functional:
  • Ultrasound machine (probe presets, gain, depth settings tested).
  • Posters or visual aids for reference are available.
  • Models are briefed and comfortable.

Session Workflow

Before Each Participant Scans

• Introduce the model and review interaction boundaries.
• Outline:
  • Probe placement and orientation.
  • Acoustic window and anatomical landmarks.
  • Expected normal structures and screen display.
• Demonstrate correct probe handling and positioning.

During Scanning

• Stand beside the participant for direct guidance.
• Focus on:
  • Subtle probe movements (tilting, rotating, rocking).
  • Optimizing image quality (gain, depth, focus adjustments).
• Rotate tasks among participants:
  • One scans while others adjust machine settings or observe.

Pathology Integration

• Use the Pathology Quick Reference:
  • Compare normal views with pathology examples.
  • Highlight differences in anatomy and clinical relevance.

System-Specific Criteria

Cardiac Views

• Parasternal Long-Axis:
  • LV, LA, RV, LVOT, mitral valve, aortic valve visualized.
  • Depth: Descending thoracic aorta visible.
  • Gain: Blood anechoic or mostly anechoic.
• Parasternal Short-Axis:
  • LV at mid-ventricular level, RV visualized.
  • Depth: Pericardium visible.
  • Gain: Blood anechoic or mostly anechoic.
• Apical 4-Chamber:
  • LV, RV, RA, LA, mitral valve, tricuspid valve visualized.
  • Depth: Slightly posterior to atria visualized.

Lung Views

• Anterior or Anterolateral:
  • Ribs, pleural line, lung sliding visible.
  • Depth: At least 2 A-lines visible if B-lines are present.
  • Gain: Pleural line distinct.
• Posterolateral:
  • Diaphragm, supradiaphragmatic space, spine visible.
  • Gain: Liver/spleen tissue-like echogenicity.

Gastric Views

• Supine View:
  • Liver, gastric antrum, aorta visualized.
  • Depth: Aorta or expected location visible.
  • Gain: Liver medium echogenicity.
• Right Lateral Decubitus (optional):
  • Full antrum circumference visualized.

Abdominal Free Fluid

• RUQ/Morison’s Pouch:
  • Diaphragm, hepatorenal recess visualized.
  • Gain: Free fluid differentiated from tissues.
• LUQ/Splenorenal Recess:
  • Diaphragm, splenorenal interface visualized.
  • Gain: Free fluid differentiated from tissues.
• Intestines View – Free Fluid Between Intestines:
  • Bowel loops within the lower abdomen divided into four quadrants: upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right visualized.
  • Gain: Free fluid differentiated from tissues and potential free fluid. Ensure scanning depth is sufficient to identify anechoic (dark/black) regions between bowel loops.

Post-Session Tasks

• Provide individual feedback to participants.
• Highlight areas for improvement and practice.
• Recommend relevant pathology cases for further study.